Florida State Paramedic Practice Exam

Cushing's triad is characterized by which of the following signs?

1. Hypotension, tachycardia, and irregular respirations

2. Hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations

3. Tachycardia, hypotension, and confusion

4. Bradycardia, hypoxia, and hyperthermia

The correct answer is: Hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations

Cushing's triad is a clinical syndrome that indicates increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and is characterized by the combination of hypertension (elevated blood pressure), bradycardia (slowed heart rate), and irregular respirations (abnormal breathing patterns). In the context of increased ICP, hypertension occurs as a compensatory mechanism to maintain cerebral perfusion despite the rising pressure. Bradycardia can result from increased vagal tone or direct pressure effects on the brain structures that regulate heart rate. Irregular respirations, often described as abnormal patterns of breathing, may be observed due to the brain's inability to control normal respiratory patterns effectively when under pressure. This triad is crucial for paramedics and healthcare providers to recognize, as it necessitates immediate evaluation and intervention to prevent further neurological damage. Understanding these signs allows for a better assessment of patients who may be experiencing life-threatening conditions related to head trauma, hemorrhage, or other factors that can contribute to elevated ICP.