Florida State Paramedic Practice Exam

In cases of significant internal bleeding without external signs, what will often be the first indication of shock?

1. Change in skin color

2. Altered mental status

3. Increased pain level

4. Loss of consciousness

The correct answer is: Altered mental status

In cases of significant internal bleeding where there are no visible external signs, the first indication of shock is often an altered mental status. This occurs because the body is experiencing hypoperfusion, which results in inadequate blood flow to the brain. As the body's compensatory mechanisms start to fail, cognitive function can be impaired, leading to confusion, disorientation, or lethargy. The brain is highly sensitive to changes in blood oxygen and nutrient delivery, so when significant internal bleeding results in decreased blood volume and perfusion pressure, the brain's ability to function is compromised. This is why altered mental status can be one of the earliest signs of shock, particularly in the case of internal injuries where other signs may not yet be evident. While changes in skin color can occur and may be associated with shock, they typically manifest later. Additionally, increased pain levels often follow the injury and may not reflect the severity of internal bleeding, while loss of consciousness is usually a subsequent stage of shock that occurs after the early warning signs, including altered mental status.