Florida State Paramedic Practice Exam

Shortness of breath, barrel chest, and pursed lip breathing are symptoms of which condition?

1. Emphysema

2. Asthma

3. Acute bronchitis

4. Pneumothorax

The correct answer is: Emphysema

Shortness of breath, barrel chest, and pursed lip breathing are hallmark symptoms of emphysema, which is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Emphysema primarily affects the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs, leading to their gradual destruction. As these air sacs become less elastic and are damaged, it becomes increasingly difficult to exhale, trapping air in the lungs and causing the expansion of the chest, resulting in a barrel-shaped appearance. Pursed lip breathing is a technique often used by individuals with emphysema to help keep the airways open for longer during exhalation, facilitating improved airflow and oxygenation. This method can help to reduce shortness of breath, which is a common experience for those affected by the condition. The other conditions listed have different distinguishing characteristics and symptoms – for example, asthma typically involves wheezing, especially during exhalation, while acute bronchitis is characterized by a productive cough and inflamed airways, and pneumothorax presents with sudden chest pain and decreased breath sounds. Thus, the combination of shortness of breath, barrel chest, and pursed lip breathing clearly points to emphysema.