Florida State Paramedic Practice Exam

What condition is indicated by bright red bleeding with cramping during the first trimester?

1. Ectopic pregnancy

2. Spontaneous abortion

3. Placenta previa

4. Ruptured ovarian cyst

The correct answer is: Spontaneous abortion

Bright red bleeding accompanied by cramping during the first trimester is commonly associated with a spontaneous abortion, also known as a miscarriage. In this context, the bright red color of the blood typically indicates fresh bleeding, which can occur when the uterine lining begins to shed. Cramping is a common symptom as the uterus contracts in an attempt to expel its contents. While other conditions could present with bleeding, they often have distinct characteristics or additional symptoms. For instance, an ectopic pregnancy may also present with bleeding but is more likely to involve severe pain on one side and can lead to significant complications if not treated. Placenta previa typically occurs in the later stages of pregnancy and usually presents with painless bright red bleeding, distinguishing it from the cramping often experienced in a spontaneous abortion. A ruptured ovarian cyst might cause bleeding and discomfort but typically does not present with the same type of cramping related to uterine activity. Thus, the combination of bright red bleeding and cramping in early pregnancy is most consistent with a spontaneous abortion.