Florida State Paramedic Practice Exam

What is a common complication associated with using a bag-valve mask (BVM)?

1. Atelectasis

2. Pneumothorax

3. Abdominal distention

4. Esophageal trauma

The correct answer is: Abdominal distention

Using a bag-valve mask (BVM) can lead to abdominal distention as a common complication. This occurs primarily due to the delivery of air during ventilation that can inadvertently enter the stomach instead of the lungs. When positive pressure is applied to ventilate a patient, especially if the airway is not adequately protected, air can flow into the esophagus and then into the stomach. This accumulation of air in the stomach can cause distension, which may hinder diaphragmatic movement and complicate further ventilation attempts. Additionally, abdominal distention can lead to discomfort and further respiratory difficulties, as it may push upward against the diaphragm. Other complications, while possible, are less commonly associated with BVM use. For example, atelectasis generally arises from prolonged periods of shallow breathing or failure to expand the lung adequately, rather than from BVM use per se. Pneumothorax, although a serious condition, is more often related to trauma or improper techniques in procedures such as chest decompression. While esophageal trauma can occur, it is less common and usually results from improper placement or excessive force during ventilation rather than being a routine complication of BVM use. Thus, abdominal distention stands out as a frequent issue encountered with the use of bag