Florida State Paramedic Practice Exam

What is a common complication associated with an unrecognized or untreated pneumothorax?

1. Cardiac arrest

2. Respiratory failure

3. Sepsis

4. Hemorrhagic shock

The correct answer is: Respiratory failure

Respiratory failure is a common complication that can arise from an unrecognized or untreated pneumothorax because the presence of air in the pleural space interferes with the normal mechanics of breathing. A pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space, which can collapse the lung on the affected side. As the lung collapses, its capacity to expand during inhalation diminishes, leading to reduced oxygenation of the blood and difficulty in ventilation. If the pneumothorax is large or continues to expand, it can progress to a tension pneumothorax, where the pressure in the thoracic cavity rises and further compromises respiratory function. This can result in hypoxemia (low blood oxygen) and ultimately lead to respiratory failure, where the body can no longer maintain adequate breathing to support metabolic needs. Recognizing and treating a pneumothorax promptly is crucial to prevent this complication, as the degree of respiratory failure can range from mild to life-threatening. Treatment typically involves procedures such as needle decompression or chest tube insertion to remove the air and allow the lung to re-expand, hence restoring normal respiratory function.