Florida State Paramedic Practice Exam

What is the preferred fluid choice in trauma situations?

1. Normal saline

2. Dextrose in water

3. Lactated Ringer's

4. 5% albumin

The correct answer is: Lactated Ringer's

In trauma situations, Lactated Ringer's is often preferred due to its composition, which closely resembles the body’s plasma. This solution contains electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and lactate, providing not only hydration but also important components that can help maintain electrolyte balance and prevent complications that may arise from fluid resuscitation. Lactated Ringer's is particularly effective in addressing hypovolemia and maintaining hemostasis in trauma patients, as the lactate acts as a buffer and can be metabolized to bicarbonate, helping to counteract acidosis that may result from tissue trauma or shock. While normal saline can also be used, it is a hypertonic solution which may not restore electrolyte balance as effectively as Lactated Ringer’s. Dextrose in water is primarily used for fluid replacement and caloric needs but lacks electrolytes and is not suitable for significant volume resuscitation in trauma cases. Lastly, 5% albumin is a colloid that is generally used in situations requiring oncotic pressure support rather than immediate volume resuscitation. Thus, Lactated Ringer’s remains the preferred choice for its balanced electrolyte formula and potential benefits in managing trauma-related physiological challenges.