Florida State Paramedic Practice Exam

What substances are known to produce constricted pupils?

1. Valium and caffeine

2. Heroin and Demerol

3. Cocaine and nicotine

4. Alcohol and marijuana

The correct answer is: Heroin and Demerol

The substances that are known to produce constricted pupils, also referred to as miosis, include heroin and Demerol. Both of these drugs are classified as opioids, which have a well-documented effect on the body’s central nervous system, leading to pinpoint pupils. This reaction is due to the way opioids interact with the brain’s receptors, specifically the mu-opioid receptors, which help regulate various body functions, including the size of the pupils. In the context of substance use and their effects on the body, understanding the impact of opioids is critical, especially for paramedics who may need to recognize overdose situations where constricted pupils can provide diagnostic cues. By knowing that heroin and Demerol can lead to such physical symptoms, healthcare providers can make quicker decisions in an emergency setting and initiate appropriate treatment protocols promptly. Other substances listed do not typically result in constricted pupils; for instance, stimulants tend to have the opposite effect, causing dilated pupils. Recognizing these signs allows for better triaging and management of patients in critical care scenarios.