Florida State Paramedic Practice Exam

What vital sign would most likely indicate significant internal bleeding in a patient with a femur fracture?

1. Bradycardia

2. Hypertension

3. High respiratory rate

4. Low blood pressure

The correct answer is: Low blood pressure

Low blood pressure is a critical indicator of significant internal bleeding, particularly in the context of a femur fracture. When a patient experiences internal bleeding, the body loses volume and, as a result, blood pressure can drop. This drop in blood pressure signifies that the heart is unable to maintain adequate circulation due to reduced blood volume, which is often a consequence of hemorrhage. In the case of a femur fracture, especially if the fracture is severe or associated with trauma, there is a risk of substantial blood loss into the surrounding tissues or body cavities. The decreased blood pressure reflects the body's struggle to compensate for this loss. It may lead to signs of shock, where the organs do not receive sufficient blood flow and oxygen. Monitoring vital signs in patients with suspected internal bleeding is crucial, as early recognition of hypotension (low blood pressure) can guide the need for rapid intervention and fluid resuscitation. Other vital signs may also be affected, such as increased heart rate or respiratory rate, but low blood pressure remains one of the most direct signs of significant internal blood loss.