Florida State Paramedic Practice Exam

Which medication should be administered for severe allergic reactions?

1. Prednisone

2. Albuterol

3. Epinephrine

4. Dexamethasone

The correct answer is: Epinephrine

Administering epinephrine is critical for managing severe allergic reactions, specifically anaphylaxis. Epinephrine acts as a potent vasoconstrictor, which helps to counteract the severe vasodilation and hypotension that can occur during an anaphylactic reaction. Additionally, it reverses bronchospasm, thereby improving airflow to the lungs, and reduces swelling by inhibiting the release of additional mediators from mast cells and basophils. In life-threatening allergic reactions, the prompt administration of epinephrine can prevent the progression of symptoms that might lead to respiratory failure or cardiovascular collapse. Its rapid action makes it the first-line treatment in emergency situations where patients exhibit signs of severe allergic responses, including difficulty breathing, hives, and swelling of the throat. While corticosteroids like prednisone and dexamethasone are important for long-term management of allergic conditions and inflammation, they take time to exert their effects and are not the first choice in acute situations. Albuterol, primarily a bronchodilator, is used for wheezing and bronchospasm but does not address the underlying vascular and systemic aspects of severe allergic reactions. Therefore, epinephrine is the essential medication to ensure immediate treatment effectiveness and patient safety in cases of severe allergies.